# Simple C++ Game Study

This repository contains all of my research into C++ as the next intermediate language for Learn Code the Hard Way. You can read my first blog post _[Exploring the Replacement for C as an Educational Language](https://learncodethehardway.com/blog/26-exploring-the-replacement-for-c-as-an-educational-language/)_ to read my thoughts on C++ as a first test.  The end goal of these projects is to learn C++ well enough to make simple 2D games for a course.  The course will teach:

1. C++ Basics -- Just like all my other courses.
2. Game Dev Basics -- Keeping it simple and mostly as a vehicle to learn C++ and...
3. Defensive Programming -- Learning how to crash C++, prevent crashing, test it, etc.

Another way to put this is I want to teach people how to make games that don't crash, and C++ is a great language for learning both...because it can make games and tends to crash.

## Current Status

The `sfmldemo` currently contains a very bare build using [Meson](https://mesonbuild.com) to build a [SFML](https://www.sfml-dev.org) project. This currently builds on Windows with MinGW but I haven't tested it anywhere else.  The build takes the [example code from imgui-sfml](https://github.com/SFML/imgui-sfml) and makes it work, so you have a game window with a working GUI in it already. That is actually remarkable feat on Windows.

To get this working the rough (ROUGH) steps are:

1. Get MinGW and Meson installed.
2. Run setup.ps1
3. `meson compile -C builddir`
4. `meson install -C builddir`  -- Careful with this, it might install stuff in unwanted areas. On my computer it put them in `C:\` but I have to read the instructions on how to set the install location.
5. `./builddir/sfmldemo` -- That should run it and you see a window with ImGUI's demo panel.

I'll have more extensive instructions in a later blog post, but if you have time try this out and let me know how it went at help@learncodethehardway.com.  Please let me know if you tried a different compiler, Windows version, etc.  If you're on OSX or Linux it should work the same but Linux people might want to use their package manager instead.

## SDL2 Test

One of the goals is to use a simple framework that provides many things people need for a game. SFML fits this goal because it comes with graphics, audio, network, and threads in one C++ library. It's also useable from multiple languages, not just C++, so it has more potential for spin-off courses in the future.  Finally, the same code seems to work the same on all platforms.

I added one more subproject `sdl2demo` since I know I'll get people asking, "Why don't you just use SDL2?!"  This uses a similar build to the SFML build, but it just creates an SDL2 window without ImGUI.  Why you may ask? Because  SDL2 is not really cross platform. If you look at the [ImGUI+SDL2](https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/blob/master/examples/example_sdl3_sdlrenderer3/main.cpp) demos you'll notice this list:

* example_sdl2_directx11
* example_sdl2_metal
* example_sdl2_opengl2
* example_sdl2_opengl3

The list goes on, and on, and each of these has slightly different code.  You have to make different contexts, different variables, different options, depending on if you're on OSX Metal vs. OpenGL2 and it looks like there's no "just render in the window" option.  Add onto this the problem that SDL2 seems to be the only "Game Library" that doesn't have built-in audio? You have to use [SDL_Mixer](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_mixer). Do you need to load images (very common in a game), you need [SDL_Image](https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL_mixer).

Finally, SDL2 works fine in C++ (as demonstrated by the `sdl2demo`) but SFML is actually C++ so working with it is going to be easier. It can also be a nice study project for people who want to learn more.  With SDL2 there's a constant mental translation going on between C and C++, so it's not going to be as attractive for education.

When you combine the lack of cross platform code, the lack of C++, and the need to use many different libraries just to make SDL2 as capable as SFML, I'm going with SFML for the course.  If you have a nice demo that shows me a single piece of code that compiles everywhere and has everything like the SFML demo then show me.  I'm always open to be proven wrong.